Innovations and Techno–ecological Transition

<p>Preface vii</p>
<p>Introduction&nbsp; ix</p>
<p>Chapter 1. A Necessary Transition? 1</p>
<p>1.1. Socio–technical systems facing their limits&nbsp; 2</p>
<p>1.1.1. Meeting global demographic pressures&nbsp; 3</p>
<p>1.1.2. Limiting the depletion of natural resources&nbsp; 4</p>
<p>1.1.3. Restrain environmental degradation&nbsp; 5</p>
<p>1.2. An analytical framework under construction: the Transition Studies 7</p>
<p>1.2.1. The emergence of Transition Studies &nbsp; 7</p>
<p>1.2.2. The transition as a process of socio–technical systems transformation 8</p>
<p>1.2.3. A transition supported by a systemic vision of innovation 11</p>
<p>1.3. Eco–innovations: facilitators of the transition?&nbsp; 19</p>
<p>1.3.1. Innovation for the environment 19</p>
<p>1.3.2. New management and innovation practices 22</p>
<p>Chapter 2. Energy Transitions 27</p>
<p>2.1. A socially structuring energy model&nbsp; 29</p>
<p>2.2. Fundamentals and characterization of the current energy system 31</p>
<p>2.2.1. Energy and the energy system 31</p>
<p>2.2.2. From primary energy to final energy 32</p>
<p>2.3. The limits of the current energy system&nbsp; 34</p>
<p>2.3.1. An evolution of the world s energy consumption &nbsp; 35</p>
<p>2.3.2. which shrinks fossil energy reserves &nbsp; 36</p>
<p>2.3.3. and generates local and global environmental damage&nbsp; 38</p>
<p>2.4. Innovation in the energy transition 40</p>
<p>2.4.1. Improving the current system of energy production and adapting existing technologies to new constraints 41</p>
<p>2.4.2. Producing energy differently from non–carbon resources&nbsp; 43</p>
<p>2.4.3. Using energy differently: electromobility 47</p>
<p>2.4.4. Transition to a radically new energy system: the hydrogen economy&nbsp; 50</p>
<p>2.5. Barriers of the energy transition 55</p>
<p>2.5.1. Market failures&nbsp; 55</p>
<p>2.5.2. Systemic failures 56</p>
<p>Chapter 3. Agro–ecological Transitions 59</p>
<p>3.1. The notion of agro–ecology 60</p>
<p>3.1.1. Towards an ecologically intensive agriculture &nbsp; 60</p>
<p>3.1.2. and a sustainable food regime&nbsp; 61</p>
<p>3.2. The implementation of the agro–ecological transition&nbsp; 61</p>
<p>3.2.1. Changing agricultural production systems&nbsp; 62</p>
<p>3.2.2. Eco–innovations in agribusiness companies: a recent and moderate development&nbsp; 63</p>
<p>3.2.3. Consumers committed to the environment&nbsp; 65</p>
<p>3.3. Obstacles and levers for the agro–ecological transition 69</p>
<p>3.3.1. Process of locking and unlocking 69</p>
<p>3.3.2. Obstacles to the development of new agricultural practices&nbsp; 71</p>
<p>3.3.3. Blockages on the side of the agri–food sector&nbsp; 77</p>
<p>3.4. The levers for agro–ecological transition: the role of public policies 79</p>
<p>Conclusion 87</p>
<p>Bibliography&nbsp; 91</p>
<p>Index 115</p>